Africa



** Essential Questions **:
 * **How can political change cause conflict:Because alot of people wouldn't agree with the changes or anything.**
 * **How does the development of nationalism impact people, nations, and empires?Because it affects what people can do and can't do.**
 * **How can political relationships affect economic relationships? It's not the same and they won't be able to see eye to eye.**
 * **What characteristics and factors unite people as a nation? Equality,no conflicts, Strikes,War,people not doing what the government says.**

=**[|Questions On Map]**=

=Notes On Video:= = =
 * =China still heavily involved in world trade=
 * =didn't produce anything but what the Chinese wanted=
 * =Europeans found something that the Chinese would buy-opium=
 * =Chinese saw this as unfair trade practices=
 * =Chinese gave up all sovereignty to British spheres of influence=
 * =Europeans (British) became dominant economic power in China=
 * =Europeans been involved in Africa since 16th century=
 * =Europeans saw it as a bonus to b able to say that they had colonies (nationalism)=
 * =controlling means of production=
 * =Europeans devastated by disease=
 * =Yellow fever, Malaria, and sleeping sickness are all sicknesses that affected Europeans in Africa=
 * =European guns useless, most fighting done the old fashion way with swords=
 * =Technology made a difference for Africa=
 * =most important technology was guns (especially machine guns)- allowed Europeans to wipe out Africa=
 * =European imperialism involved a lot of fighting and a lot of dying=
 * =most of Africa and Asia colonized=
 * =Japan perusing its own imperialism=
 * =many were able to get access to European education for themselves and for their children=
 * =visions of extending Egypt's control=
 * =Imperialism brought wealth and power to Europeans=
 * =Worst depression occurred in the congo=
 * =land and people of the congo were exploited=

** By Karl Liebknecht **

 * I think the quote means Imperialism is everywhere in the world and that militarsm puts alot of stress on people. **

=** [|Scrambled Mark-Up of Africa] **= =[|Picture Detective]= =** [|Graphic Organizer On: New Imperialism] **=

=The White Man's Burden=

1. According to Kipling, and in your own words, what was the “White Man’s Burden”?

The White Man;s burden was seen as a rhetorical command to white men to rule and colonize other nations, for the purpose of benefitting those people.

2. What reward did Kipling suggest the “White Man” gets for carrying his “burden”?

Doing their duties gave them points in the eyes of God.

3. Who did Kipling think would read his poem? What do you think that this audience might have said in response to it?

Kipling had written his poem to those involved in United States imperialism, who he believed would be the ones reading this.

4. What lines of the poem did you find the most interesting and why?

The line of the poem that I find to be the most interesting was the line " Go send your sons to exile", due to the power and force behind it. I think this particular line stuck out to me because of how demanding it was. "Cold-edged with dear-bought wisdom, the judgement of your peers!" was a line that I found interesting because it shows how your fate and what you do is being looked either up or down upon by the countries observing you. =The Black Man's Burden:= The message of "The Black Man's Burden" was to have the intent that the blacks in the Philippines were demonstrating their mistreatment, and how it was an extension from the mistreatment that occurred of the black Americans at home.

"better by far defend it, with honors holy breath" is a line that sticks out the most to me because of it being for those blacks that feel that they are being and have been, mistreated.

=[|The Berlin Conference]=

=5 Words from Conference:= // Document 1: // // " Throughout history it has been the inaction of those who could have acted, the indifference //// of those who should have known better, the silence of the voice of justice when it mattered //// that has made it possible for evil to triumph." //** Haille Selassie, Ethiopian emperor, 1892-1975 ** Questions to consider ** : ** > ==This author is speaking in a viewpoint that believes that things could have been done differently, and that some of the actions should have been held off on, and that some should have acted in the first place because they didn't initially.== > ==They may be making this statement in the event that they have regrets on things that have been done, and things that they wish could have happened differently, or been done.== > ==This quote relates to imperialism in Africa, as it offers two different view points, one being wishing that they could have done something differently, or wishing that something different all together had been done.== //I say that French colonial policy, the policy of colonial expansion, the policy that has taken us under the Empire, that has led us to Tunisia, to Madagascar- I say this policy of colonial expansion was inspired by...the fact that a navy such as ours cannot do withtout safe harbors, defenses, supply centers on the high seas...Are you unaware of this? Look at the map of the world.// The authors evidence is from the quote because of what he talks about and stuff. That they all have duty's and need to work. Giving the speech because they wanted to let the world know what was going on. That not everyone had a fair life and what happen wasn't right and certain people had to listen to other races. So life basically wasn't fair back then.
 * discussion
 * change
 * race
 * views
 * boundaries
 * What is the perspective of the author? What events might have caused the author to think as he does?
 * Why might the author be making this statement?
 * How does the quote relate to Imperialism in Africa? Explain?
 * Document 2:**
 * "On French Colonial Expansion" A Speech before the French Chamber of Deputies, March 28, 1884, by Jules Ferry (1832-1893): Ferry was twice prime minister of France, from (1880-1881, 1883-1885)** //Gentlemen, we must speak more loudly and more honestly! We must say openly that indeed the higher races have a right over the lower races...// //I repeat, that the superior race races have a right because they have a duty. They have the duty to civilize inferior races...In the history of earlier centuries these duties gentlemen have been misunderstood; and certainly when the Spanish soldiers and explorers introduced slavery into Central America, they did not fulfill their duty as men of a higher race....But inour time, I maintain that European nations acquit themselves with generosity, with grandeur, and with sincerity of this superior civilizing duty.//
 * Who is the author of this piece of evidence? What is his viewpoint?
 * What justifications does he offer to support his viewpoint?
 * Why might he be giving this speech? What is the purpose of this speech?
 * What does the speech tell you about life and attitudes of that time?

Document 3: =Political Cartoon:=

- I think this meaning was given to the cartoon, because of the ease that Rhodes had to extend an electrical telegraph from Cape Town to Cairo, which is why he was "striding" with ease. Who is being depicted in this political cartoon? (research cartoon) What objects do you see? - It is being depicted that Rhodes is taking over Africa with the electrical telegraph, which can be shown by his captivating size over the continent.
 * Where and when was this political cartoon published? What impact might this have on its perspective and bias?
 * -This cartoon was published in Punch, or London Charivari, on December 10, 1982.
 * What meaning does the title give to the Illustration? Why might the author have chosen the words he did/ (colossus, striding, Cape Town and Cairo)


 * What is the artists viewpoint? What evidence from the political cartoon supports your claim?

The artists viewpoint is that Cairo is planning to extend an electrical telegraph from Cape Town to Cairo, and this is being represented by Rhodes as a giant standing over the continent to show the power that he controlled in the creation of the electrical telegraph. =Document 4= =[|Letter Mark Up]= The Author is **Moshweshewe and he wrote this letter to show what it was like back then for other people and what the white men were like at the time. ** I Think it was a successful purpose because it showed how people felt back then and what they did and the people involved in it. So we surrendered to the White people and were told to go back to our homes and live our usual lives and attend to our crops. We were treated like slaves. They came and were overbearing. We were ordered to carry their clothes and bundles. They harmed our wives and our daughters. How the rebellion started I do not know; there was no organization, it was like a fire that suddenly flames up. I had an old gun. They—the White men—fought us with big guns, machine guns, and rifles. Many of our people were killed in this fight: I saw four of my cousins shot. We made many charges but each time we were defeated.But for the White men’s machine guns, it would have been different. They were treated bad and the white man would harm there wifes and daughters. It was unsuccessful because people took a satnd to it and wanted it to stop. And still those bangs went on; the long sticks spat fire, pieces of iron whistled around us,fell into the water with a hissing sound, and our brothers continued to fall. We ran into our village and they ran after us. We fled into the forest and flung ourselves on the ground. When we returned that evening our eyes beheld fearful things: our brothers, dead, bleeding, our village plundered and burned, and the river full of dead bodies.You call us wicked men, but you White men are much more wicked! You think because you have guns you can take away our land and our possessions. You have sickness in your heads, for this is not justice The source is Mojimba and it refers to the violence that happen at the time. Certain groups were more powerful then others and didn't care who they killed.. That they are sick people and don't know what justice is. The chiefs spread it among their people that a spirit, living in the form of a snake, had given a magic medicine to a medicine man. The medicine guaranteed a good harvest, so that in future people would no more need to perform wage labor for foreigners in order to obtain accustomed luxuries. The medicine would also give invulnerability, acting in such a way that enemy bullets would fall from their targets like raindrops from a greased body. It would strengthen women and children for the flight customary in wartime, with the associated hardships and privations, and protect them from being seized by the victorious attackers, who were accustomed to taking women and children with them as war prizes. The medicine consisted of water, maize, and sorghum grains. The water was applied by pouring it over the head and by drinking. That they had good medicine and that it helped alot of people out like it said in a part that it would strengthen women and children. Because they thought it was unfair and people didn't want it to happen anymore.
 * Who is the author? Why is he writing the letter? What is the purpose?
 * The letter included the names of several individuals and groups. Who are these individuals and groups? How do they impact the meaning of the letter? (you will have to research names and groups as example Boers, Harry Smith....)
 * Sir George Napie,Boers,Queen,Sir Harry Smith and the impact of the letter was that all these people named in it did incrediable things and changed the way certain people were or they did harm. **
 * Do you think the letter was successful in fulfilling its purpose? Why or why not? Use evidence (quotes) from the letter to support your claim.
 * Document 5:**
 * Source: Ndansi Kumalo, African veteran of the Ndebele Rebellion against British advances in southern Africa, 1896.**
 * How were the the people of southern Africa treated by the imperialists?
 * Why was the African rebellion unsuccessful?
 * Document 6:**
 * Source: Mojimba, African chief, describing a battle in 1877 on the Congo River against British and African mercenaries, as told to a German Catholic missionary in 1907.**
 * Who is the author of this source? What does it refer to?
 * Describe the strength of the sides in this battle using evidence from the text
 * What is the chief's opinion of the British?
 * Document 7:**
 * Source: German military officer, account of the 1905 Maji Maji Rebellion in German East Africa, German military weekly newspaper, 1906**.
 * What is the message the German military officer was trying to send about the East Africans? Give evidence from the document to support your claim
 * Why do you think the Africans made such claims?

Document 8: The man in this photo has a look of satisfaction on his face, as he had accomplished something that he had been hoping to. And a dead elephant. The purpose behind this photograph is to portray how the white men also came into Africa, and took control over their animals as well to use to their own personal benefit. The economic and social implications that this photo indicates is that the white men most likely killed animals to use them for their personal benefit with the intent to gain more uses from them. They have taken advantage of the resources that Africa has to offer, and is the only value that it holds for the white men now, which they are also taking advantage of.
 * Describe the person and objects in this photo.
 * What is the purpose of the photograph?
 * What economic or social implications does this photo indicate about Africa in 1909?


 * Document 9**:

What European industries benefited from African resources? The industries that benefited included the industrialization industry, food industry, clothing industry, health and beauty industry, jewelry industry, and electrical industry.
 * Which European country do you feel had the most valuable colonies? Why?

Great Britain had the most valuable colonies, based solemnly on the fact that they had an abundance of metals and electrical resources that had the ability to aid them with industrialization. This document can be used to explain the primary reason for African colonization, with the ability of seeing the abundance of materials that they were able to obtain. Each country had colonies with many different types of raw materials that would benefit their country.
 * How could this document be used to explain the primary reason for European imperialism in Africa?

"Colonialism’s greatest misdeed was to have tried to strip us of our responsibility in conducting our own affairs and convince us that our civilization was nothing less than savagery, thus giving us complexes which led to our being branded as irresponsible and lacking in self-confidence. . . The colonial powers had assimilated each of their colonies into their own economy. Our continent possesses tremendous reserves of raw material and they, together with its potential sources of power, give it excellent conditions for industrialization. . ." Sekou Toure, West African nationalist, 1962 The response of the west african nationalist was that they hated it and wanted to do there own thing and how there continent possed more reserves of raw material then most country's did at the time. So thats why they were angry and responded differently.
 * Document 10**:
 * In 1962, what was the response of this West African nationalist to years of colonialism?